Neue MS-Medikamente
Natalizumab (TYSABRI)
Monoklonaler Antikörper
aerzteblatt.de; Multiple Sklerose: Natalizumab-Komplikation PML durch Plasmaaustausch therapierbar; September 2009
http://www.aerzteblatt.de/nachrichten/38056/Multiple_Sklerose_Natalizumab-
Komplikation_PML_durch_Plasmaaustausch_therapierbar.htm
idw; Epstein-Barr Virus und multiple Sklerose: Zusammenhang erhärtet: 14.09.2009
http://idw-online.de/pages/de/news333498
aerzteblatt.de; Multiple Sklerose: Natalizumab-Komplikation PML durch Plasmaaustausch therapierbar; September 2009
http://www.aerzteblatt.de/nachrichten/38056/Multiple_Sklerose_Natalizumab-
Komplikation_PML_durch_Plasmaaustausch_therapierbar.htm
idw; Epstein-Barr Virus und multiple Sklerose: Zusammenhang erhärtet: 14.09.2009
http://idw-online.de/pages/de/news333498
aerztblatt.de; Neue Empfehlungen für Natalizumab¸19.10.2009
http://www.aerztezeitung.de/medizin/krankheiten/neuro-psychiatrische_krankheiten/multiple_sklerose/default.aspx?sid=568872
News and information on Multiple Sclerosis (MS); Multiple Sclerosis Research: Label change for Natalizumab; November 9th,
2009
http://multiplesclerosis.comxa.com/multiple-sclerosis-research-label-change-for-natalizumab/
amsel.de; Der Ärztliche Beirat der AMSEL über Natalizumab; 10.12.09
http://www.amsel.de/multiple-sklerose-news/index.php?kategorie=medizin&cnr=32&anr=3445
Natalizumab bei Multipler Sklerose – EMA sensibilisiert für umsichtiges Handeln von Ärzten und Patienten; 26.01.2010
http://www.dmsg.de/multiple-sklerose-news/index.php?w3pid=news&kategorie=therapien&cnr=13&anr=2069
DMSG; Wann kommt die erste Pille gegen MS? 1272 Patienten testen Fingolimod; 27.01.2010
http://www.dmsg.de/multiple-sklerose-news/index.php?w3pid=news&kategorie=forschung&cnr=31&anr=2073
26. 7. 2010; PubMed.gov; Natalizumab drug holiday in multiple sclerosis: Poorly Tolerated.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20661928
20. 12. 2009; amsel.de; Der Ärztliche Beirat der AMSEL über Natalizumab
http://www.amsel.de/multiple-sklerose-news/medizin/index.php?kategorie=medizin&anr=3445
Sept. 2010; PubMed.gov; Natalizumab dosage suspension: are we helping or hurting?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20818793
Sepzt 2010; NEUROLOGY 2010;75:912-917; Safety and efficacy of natalizumab in children with multiple sclerosis
http://www.neurology.org/cgi/gca?allch=&SEARCHID=1&FULLTEXT=multiple+sclerosis&FIRSTINDEX=0&hits=10&RESULTFORM
AT=&gca=neurology%3B75%2F10%2F912&allchb=
„Conclusions: Natalizumab was well-tolerated in all subjects.
A strong suppression of disease activity was observed in all
subjects
during the follow-up.“
26. 10. 2010; idw; Langzeitsicherheit von Natalizumab auf dem Prüfstand
http://idw-online.de/pages/de/news393620
29. 10. 2010; DMSG; Kompetenznetz Multiple Sklerose stellt Langzeitsicherheit von Natalizumab auf den Prüfstand
http://www.dmsg.de/multiple-sklerose-news/index.php?w3pid=news&kategorie=forschung&anr=2254
2. 11. 2010; e-med forum: Langzeitsicherheit von Natalizumab auf dem Prüfstand
http://www.emed-ms.de/index.php?id=533&tt_news=1502
18. 11. 2010; PubMed.gov; The efficacy of natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis according to level of disability: results of
an observational study.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21088044
„Conclusions: The findings support the efficacy of natalizumab in reducing ARR in the year after starting treatment in patients with
baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale ≤6.“
16. 1, 2011; PubMed.gov; [Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy under natalizumab : Initial possibilities for risk
stratification?]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21240604
„As a large variety of methods have been published resulting in controversial results for JC virus seroprevalence, standardized
testing will be mandatory when applying this method in clinical practice. In addition, risk management strategies for the
seropositive majority of patients need to be redefined and optimized further.“
6. 4. 2011; PubMed.gov; Natalizumab to kill two birds with one stone: A case of celiac disease and multiple sclerosis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21472830
14. 4. 2011, PubMed.gov; Treatment with Natalizumab in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Induces Changes in
Inflammatory Mechanism.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21491095
"In conclusion, these results suggest natalizumab has other immunological effects beyond VLA-4 interaction and inhibition of CNS
extravasation, the relevance of which is as yet unknown and warrants further investigation."
Jun 2011; PubMed.gov; Delivery of healthy babies after natalizumab use for multiple sclerosis: a report of two cases.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21492099
"The newborns did not show any abnormalities postnatal and at 6 weeks' follow-up. Conclusions - This is the first detailed report
on pregnancy and delivery of two babies after maternal treatment of MS with natalizumab. From the small number of cases on the
usage of natalizumab during pregnancy in literature, we cannot conclude whether the use of natalizumab is safe, and long-term
effects are not known. Further research is needed to establish the exact effects on pregnancy and intrauterine development as well
as the long-term effects. Prenatal counseling with thorough explanation of the risks and careful decision making is advisable."
20. 4. 2011; PubMed.gov; Occurrence of antibodies against natalizumab in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients treated with
natalizumab.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21511692
27. 4. 2011; pharmazeutische-zeitung.de; Natalizumab: Neue Daten zu Hirninfektion bei MS-Therapie
http://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/index.php?id=37725
"Bei einer Behandlungsdauer von bis zu zwei Jahren (das entspricht 1 bis 24 erhaltenen Natalizumab-Infusionen) liegt die PML-
Inzidenz demnach bei 0,3 Fällen von 1000 Patienten, nach 25 bis 36 erhaltenen Infusionen sind es 1,5 Fälle von 1000 Patienten.
Nach einer Behandlungsdauer von 3 bis 4 Jahren (37 bis 48 Infusionen) ist die Inzidenz mit 0,9 Fällen von 1000 Patienten etwas
niedriger, allerdings sind die Daten zur Langzeitanwendung des Wirkstoffs begrenzt. Insgesamt traten bei bisher 82 732 mit
Natalizumab behandelten Patienten 102 Fälle von PML auf. "
4. 5. 2011; PubMed.gov; Disease activity return during natalizumab treatment interruption in patients with multiple sclerosis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21543733
"CONCLUSIONS: Following interruption of natalizumab treatment, MS disease activity returned in a pattern that was consistent
with known pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of
May 2011; nature.com; Multiple sclerosis: Natalizumab improves neurological function in MS
http://www.nature.com/nrneurol/journal/v7/n5/full/nrneurol.2011.52.html
"New data suggest that natalizumab can improve neurological functioning as well as slowing the progression of disability in
patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)"
10. 5. 2011; DMSG; Stellungnahme des Vorstands des Ärztlichen Beirates der DMSG, Bundesverband e.V. zum Nachweis von
Anti-JC Virus -Antikörpern im Blut zur PML-Risikoabschätzung unter Therapie mit Natalizumab.
http://www.dmsg.de/multiple-sklerose-news/index.php?w3pid=news&kategorie=therapien&anr=2378
17. 5. 2011; PubMed.gov; Clinical outcomes of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21576685
"CONCLUSIONS: Natalizumab-associated PML has improved survival compared with PML in other populations. Disability in
survivors ranged from mild to severe. A shorter time from symptom onset to diagnosis and localized disease on MRI at diagnosis
were associated with improved survival. These data suggest that earlier diagnosis through enhanced clinical vigilance and
aggressive management may improve outcomes."
25. 5. 2011; PubMed.gov; Pregnancy and natalizumab: results of an observational study in 35 accidental pregnancies during
natalizumab treatment.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21613333
„Conclusion: Our data may support the notion that an elective termination of pregnancy due to natalizumab exposure may not be
necessary, but rather requires careful monitoring. Women should still be advised to stop natalizumab in the course of planned
pregnancy until more data on long-term outcomes are available.“
6. 4. 2011; pubMed.gov; Pulsed steroids followed by glatiramer acetate to prevent inflammatory activity after cessation of
natalizumab therapy: a prospective, 6-month observational study.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21625938
„The alternative treatment with monthly prednisolone (1 g methylprednisolone) followed by GA (glatiramer acetate, daily 20 mcg)
prevents the development of IRIS (Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome), but not the return to previous inflammatory
activity, which occurs between 5 and 6 months after NTZ (natalizumab) withdrawal.“
31. 5. 2011; Neurology; Disease activity return during natalizumab treatment interruption in patients with multiple sclerosis
http://www.neurology.org/gca?submit=Go&gca=neurology%3B76%2F22%2F1858&allch=
„Conclusions: Following interruption of natalizumab treatment, MS disease activity returned in a pattern that was consistent with
known pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of natalizumab, and did not show evidence of rebound.“
10. 6. 2011; PubMed.gov; Natalizumab and drug holiday in clinical practice: An observational study in very active relapsing
remitting Multiple Sclerosis patients.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21665227
„RESULTS: A total of 27 patients with very active RRMS before natalizumab start (mean annualized relapse rate of 2.3, MRI
activity in 21 of 27 patients) were studied. Within 6months after discontinuing natalizumab, 18 patients (67%) experienced clinical
relapse and 3 additional patients had radiological activity, without clinical relapse. Four patients (15%) experienced a rebound
activity, with severe relapse and 20 or more gadolinium enhancing lesions on MRI.
CONCLUSION: Such observational data didn't support the concept of drug holiday when using natalizumab in very active RRMS.“
13. 6. 2011; msj; Dramatic worsening following plasma exchange in severe post-natalizumab withdrawal multiple sclerosis relapse
http://msj.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/06/11/1352458511411064.abstract
„This case suggests that plasma exchanges (PLEX) after natalizumab discontinuation may increase relapse severity.“
24. 6. 2011; amsel.de; Antikörpertest als ergänzende Vorsichtsmaßnahme bei Therapie mit Natalizumab
http://www.amsel.de/multiple-sklerose-news/medizin/index.php?kategorie=medizin&anr=4043
Aug. 2011; msj; Pregnancy and natalizumab: results of an observational study in 35 accidental pregnancies during natalizumab
treatment
http://msj.sagepub.com/content/17/8/958.abstract
„Conclusion: Our data may support the notion that an elective termination of pregnancy due to natalizumab exposure may not be
necessary, but rather requires careful monitoring. Women should still be advised to stop natalizumab in the course of planned
pregnancy until more data on long-term outcomes are available.“
Aug. 2011; msj; Sustained improvement in Expanded Disability Status Scale as a new efficacy measure of neurological change in
multiple sclerosis: treatment effects with natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
http://msj.sagepub.com/content/17/8/970.abstract
„Conclusion: These analyses demonstrate that sustained EDSS improvement is an additional measure that is sensitive to
treatment effects over 2 years and correlates with quality of life. Further research is warranted to validate its use as an MS study
clinical outcome.“
22. 7. 2011; PubMed.gov; Cost-effectiveness of natalizumab versus fingolimod for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21777161
„Conclusions: Natalizumab dominates fingolimod in terms of incremental cost per relapse avoided, as it is less costly and“
Anm.: Es wäre interessant, wie diese Kosteneffektivität bei Einrechnung der PML-Fälle aussehen würde und ob sie für die
Betroffenen dann noch von Belang wäre.
Sept. 2011; msj; Occurrence of antibodies against natalizumab in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab
http://msj.sagepub.com/content/17/9/1074.full
Sep 2011; PunMed.gov; What happens when natalizumab therapy is stopped?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21864070
„Most significantly, the study did not show evidence of rebound following natalizumab cessation.“
14. 9. 2011: PubMed.gov; Clinical and radiological disease reactivation after cessation of long term therapy with natalizumab.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21913869
2. 11. 2011;mPubMed.gov; Herpes encephalitis during natalizumab treatment in multiple sclerosis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22048950
„Our non-fatal case of HSE (herpes simplex virus encephalitis) and other reported cases of herpes infections provide evidence of
an increased risk with natalizumab and point to the need for clinicians to maintain awareness.“
7. 11. 2011; PubMed.gov; Pulse monthly steroids during an elective interruption of natalizumab: a post-marketing study.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22054236
„Conclusions: Our findings suggest that i.v. steroids are not currently recommendable as drug coverage during a scheduled
treatment interruption period.“
17. 11. 2011; Pubmed.gov; [Hematological side effects of natalizumab: Correlation with clinical outcome.]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100322
„CONCLUSION: This is the first prospective study assessing of HSE (hematological side effects) during NTZ (Natalizumab)
treatment. There is a higher occurrence of intolerance reactions in patients with HEo (hypereosinophilia).“
23. 11. 2011; PubMed.gov; Natalizumab vs interferon beta 1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a head-to-head
retrospective study.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22107083
„Conclusions - After 12 and 24 months of therapy, natalizumab was more effective than IFN beta 1a SC on both disease activity
and disability progression. Prospective head-to-head studies would be helpful to further evaluate the differences observed in the
MRI outcomes.“
12. 1.2012; PubMed.gov; Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy: a practical approach to risk
profiling and monitoring.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22258169
"This paper reviews the evidence for managing the risk of PML in natalizumab-treated patients and the authors propose an
algorithm for risk profiling and risk management. Key features of this algorithm include risk stratification based on emerging risk
factors, heightened clinical vigilance for the clinical features of natalizumab-associated PML and considerations for temporary and
permanent cessation of natalizumab dosing."
25. 1. 2011; PubMed.gov; Risk stratification and patient counseling for natalizumab in multiple sclerosis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22282644
"To date, 28 natalizumab-related PML cases had blood specimens available 1 year or more prior to the development of PML.
Using this assay, all 28 patients were seropositive (incidence of anti-JCV antibodies), which is highly statistically significant (p =
3.21 × 10(-8)).(5) This assay is now clinically available in the United States and Europe. "
21. 3. 2012; PubMed.gov; Severe haematological complications during treatment with natalizumab.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22438058
"... we describe two cases (6.25%), one of immune-mediated acute haemolytic anaemia (IAHA) and another of immune
thrombocytopenic purpura during treatment with natalizumab.", "Although very uncommon, the haematological complications are
severe enough to justify a close and careful monitoring for all patients with multiple sclerosis treated with an immunosuppressant
treatment."
17. 5. 2912; PubMed.gov; Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22591293
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22591293
29. 6. 2012; idw; Natalizumab bei Multipler Sklerose: Schutz der Patienten vor der schweren Viruserkrankung PML
http://idw-online.de/pages/de/news486009
1. 7. 2012; e-mef fotum; Natalizumab bei Multipler Sklerose: Schutz der Patienten vor der schweren Viruserkrankung PML
http://www.emed-ms.de/index.php?id=533&tt_news=1888
28. 7. 2012; PubMef.gov; Effect of Glatiramer acetate on disease reactivation in MS patients discontinuing natalizumab.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22741530
“Following discontinuation of natalizumab, twelve-month therapy with GA (glatiramer acetate) is safe and well tolerated in MS
patients. GA can reduce the risk of early reactivation/rebound of disease activity in this setting.“
19. 9. 2012; PubMed.gov; Clinical relevance of serum natalizumab concentration and anti-natalizumab antibodies in multiple
sclerosis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22992450
„CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that both low natalizumab serum concentration and high antibody titers are associated with a
lack of efficacy of natalizumab. Measuring serum natalizumab, using a highly specific assay, might lead to more enhanced
precision using natalizumab in individual patients.“
19. 9. 2012; PubMed,gov; Clinical relevance of serum natalizumab concentration and anti-natalizumab antibodies in multiple
sclerosis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22992450
„CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that both low natalizumab serum concentration and high antibody titers are associated with a
lack of efficacy of natalizumab. Measuring serum natalizumab, using a highly specific assay, might lead to more enhanced
precision using natalizumab in individual patients.“
5. 9. 2012; PubMed.gov; Natalizumab treatment during pregnancy - effects on the neonatal immune system.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22950358
„CONCLUSIONS: Here, we present to our knowledge the first assessment of T lymphocytes chemotaxis rate in two natalizumab-
exposed newborns. A significant reduction in the CXCL12-induced chemotaxis rate of T lymphocytes has been observed and may
compromise host defence function in early life. More clinical and immunological data on natalizumab-exposed neonates are
warranted.“
24. 10. 2012, PubMed.gov; LETHAL MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS RELAPSE AFTER NATALIZUMAB WITHDRAWAL.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23100404
„We report the case of a 50-year-old patient with MS who developed a fulminating relapse 3 months after stopping natalizumab,
leading to death despite intensive care and immunosuppressive therapy. Radiologic and neuropathologic findings provide
interesting data regarding the nature of the rebound.“
3. 10. 2012; PubMed.gov; Severe relapses under fingolimod treatment prescribed after natalizumab.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23035063
Sept. 2012; msj; Switching therapy from natalizumab to fingolimod in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: clinical and magnetic
resonance imaging findings
http://msj.sagepub.com/content/18/11/1640.abstract
„Our data indicate that fingolimod does not exert clinical activity quickly enough to stop MS reactivation after a break from
natalizumab.“
24. 11. 2012; Neurology; Lethal multiple sclerosis relapse after natalizumab withdrawal
http://www.neurology.org/content/79/22/2214.extract?sid=c5e024b6-9bad-4356-a3e0-000f30af97b2
„A rebound of MS or an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) were described after natalizumab withdrawal, even in
the absence of PML.“
Jan. 2013; msj; A genetic variant of the anti-apoptotic protein Akt predicts natalizumab-induced lymphocytosis and post-
natalizumab multiple sclerosis reactivation
http://msj.sagepub.com/content/19/1/59.abstract
„Results: Natalizumab-induced peripheral lymphocytosis protected from post-natalizumab MS reactivation. Subjects who relapsed
or had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) worsening after treatment cessation, in fact, had milder peripheral lymphocyte
increases during the treatment, largely caused by less marked T cell increase. Furthermore, subjects carrying a variant of the gene
coding for Akt associated with reduced anti-apoptotic efficiency (rs2498804T) had lower lymphocytosis and
22. 1. 2013; PubMed.gov; Switching from natalizumab to fingolimod: an observational study.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23336398
„CONCLUSIONS: Natalizumab is an effective treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, but its discontinuation continues
to be a complex problem. All of the therapies tried thus far, including fingolimod, have been unable to control the reactivation of the
disease. Further studies addressing alternative therapies after natalizumab discontinuation are necessary.“
27. 8. 2013; PubMed.gov; L-Selectin is a possible biomarker for individual PML risk in natalizumab-treated MS patients
http://www.msif.org/global-ms-research/latest-ms-research-news/l-selectin-is-a-possible-biomarker-for-individual-pml-risk-in-
natalizumab-treated-ms-patients.aspx
4. 3. 2014; PubMed.gov; Switching from natalizumab to fingolimod in multiple sclerosis: a French prospective study
http://www.msif.org/global-ms-research/latest-ms-research-news/switching-from-natalizumab-to-fingolimod-in-multiple-sclerosis-a-
french-prospective-study.aspx
„These results show that changing from natalizumab to fingolimod was associated with a risk of MS reactivation during the WP or
shortly after starting fingolimod. Ideally the washout period should be shorter than three months.“
April 2014; Long-term safety and efficacy of natalizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: impact on quality of life.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24741337
„In addition, long-term studies to define better when to start or stop treatment and to optimize treatment strategies after cessation
of natalizumab are ongoing, and hopefully will improve management and will allow natalizumab to remain as a valuable
therapeutic option for patients with highly active RRMS.“
June 2014; msj; Anti-JC virus antibody testing for natalizumab-induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Where are we
and where should we go?
http://msj.sagepub.com/content/20/7/771.full
" Several questions with implications for clinical management remain as yet unanswered. Thus, it is unclear if the risk of
developing PML returns to baseline e.g. in the case of treatment interruption and if antibody-immunoreactivity against JCV may
reflect these biological changes. It would also be of interest to establish whether the antibody-test validated for natalizumab-
induced PML is also relevant for PML associated with other immunotherapies. These questions should be addressed in the near
future, perhaps in combination with novel findings (e.g. CD62L expression) on the liability of developing PML"
12. 5. 2014; PubMed.gov; Natalizumab use during the third trimester of pregnancy
http://www.msif.org/global-ms-research/latest-ms-research-news/natalizumab-use-during-the-third-trimester-of-pregnancy.aspx
"CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Natalizumab can be a therapeutic option in patients with highly active multiple sclerosis during
pregnancy. We recommend that a pediatrician be available at the time of delivery to evaluate for potential complications of anemia
and thrombocytopenia in newborns exposed to natalizumab during the third trimester."
19. 6. 2014; PubMed.gov; Natalizumab: Risk Stratification of Individual Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24942634
4. 7. 2014; PubMed.gov; Efficacy of vaccination against influenza in patients with multiple sclerosis: The role of concomitant
therapies.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25000592
„The majority of drugs appear not associated with a reduced response to vaccination against influenza, with the notable exception
of mitoxantrone and glatiramer acetate. For a few drugs, among which natalizumab, information is not sufficiently clear and
additional studies are needed to draw a definite conclusion. These results highlight the importance to evaluate the efficacy of
vaccination in patients treated with immunosuppressant drugs.“
Anm. des Autors diesser Homepage: „“Das ist das, was ich schon seit Jahren sage. Es reicht völlig aus, dass ich nach einer
Grippe-Imfung unter Natalizumab-Therapie im Rollstuhl gelendet bin.
Feb. 2015; msj; How safe is natalizumab during pregnancy?
http://msj.sagepub.com/content/21/2/121.full
22. 4. 2015; PubMed.gov; Natalizumab (TYSABRI) and multiple sclerosis. With longer follow-up: even more toxic than suspected.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25897454
April 2015; PubMed.gov; Comparative efficacy of switching to natalizumab in active multiple sclerosis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25909083
8. 6. 2015; amsel.de; Neubewertung von Natalizumab hat begonnen
http://www.amsel.de/multiple-sklerose-news/medizin/Neubewertung-von-Natalizumab-hat-begonnen_5881
6. 7. 2015; PubMed.gov; Natalizumab Significantly Improves Cognitive Impairment over Three Years in MS: Pattern
of Disability Progression and Preliminary MRI Findings.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26148120
15. 3 . 2016; DMSG; Rote-Hand-Brief zu Natalizumab in der Multiple Sklerose-Therapie
http://www.dmsg.de/multiple-sklerose-news/index.php?w3pid=news&kategorie=therapien&anr=5878
3. 12. 2016; PubMed.gov; High-Risk PML Patients Switching from Natalizumab to Alemtuzumab: an Observational
Study.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27915429
7. 5. 2017; PubMed.gov; Benefit-risk perception of natalizumab therapy in neurologists and a large cohort of multiple
sclerosis patients.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28431609
Die Jugend von heute liebt den Luxus, hat schlechte Manieren und verachtet die Autorität. Sie widersprechen ihren Eltern, legen
die Beine übereinander und tyrannisieren ihre Lehrer.
(Sokrates, gr. Philosoph, 470-399 v.Chr.)
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